Abstract—EIA (Environmental impact assess- ment)and environmental acceptance both are important part of coal mine’s environmental management.The demands in EIA period are materials particular in environmental accep- tance period.Then environmental acceptance can feed back important informations to EIA.
Currently,there is less interaction between these two areas.This article analyzed the cur- rent situation and existing problems of Coal Mine’s EIA and Environmental Acceptance,and proposed the establishment of an interactive mechanism.
Keywords-Coal Mine,EIA,Acceptance,Interac-tion Mechanism。
I Introduction
Coal is our country’s main body energy,and is an important strategic position in economic and social development in China. Since the rcform and opcning up,the coal industry has made grcat progrcss,for the national cconomy providing the founda- tion for sustaincd and rapid devclopmcnt of cncrgy sccurity.But we should clcarly sce that the devclopment of coal production has brought a scrics of scrious ccological problems.Groundwa- ter is dischargod from coal mining in China about 22 billion m3 cvcry year.Due to land subsidence causod by coal mining area has reached 400,000 ha.Coal stockpiles accumulated nearly 40 million tons,occupied land more than 10,000 hectares,and in- creased still 200 to 300 hectares per year.Our coal mine gas drainage 120 billion m3 in less than 20%,the average utiliza- tion.At present land reclamation rate is only 12%,only the dis- tribution of coal resources and land resources,combined size of the area cultivated land in China accounted for more than 40% of the total|1].Land reclamation is still extremely dificult.
With the cconomic devclopmcnt lcvcl,pcople paid morc and morc attcntion on thc valuc of cnvironmcntal quality.The coal industry fccls morc and morc scvcrc cnvironmcntal strcss. Therefore,the environmental better management of the coal in- dustry have important practical significance to realize the har- monious development of economy and environment.As an im- portant means of environmental management,environmental impact assessment (referred to as “EIA”)and completion of the environmental inspection (referred to as “”environmental inspec- tion”)to limit access to high-pollution projects to improve envi- ronmental management,supervision and implementation of en- vironmental protection measures,etc.has played an important role.Between environmental assessment and environmental protection has a strong correlation.Environmental concern is the acceptance time EIA period for water,gas,put forward ele- ments such as sound,slag requirements and the environment control settings required environmental protection measures Environmental acceptance testing data during the actual stage of the EIA forecast data for comparison and analysis.Feed back problems to the EIA examination and approval and relevant work unit for pointing out the direction of the next step.EIA and environmental acceptance and promote each other and improve together.This can effectively improve the level of environmental protection management of construction projects.
Ⅱ Acceptance of coal and environmental status of the EIA A EIA Coal Mine Status
Mine environmental impact assessment work carried out over 20 years,and has prepared hundreds of mines and mine environmental impact report.According to the characteristics of coal exploitation and environmental impact location features, evaluation of ecological impact assessment both pays enoughattention,through the nccessary work and bencficial explora- tion.In the 1980s and early 1990s,mid of many evaluation unit is mine (pit)report on the surface subsidence caused by develop- ment,soil erosion,desertification,soil and groundwater,forest- ry ecological effects of prediction,and ecological environment of mining comprehensive regulation,subsidence area development and utilization,water and soil conservation,ete conducted fruit- ful research.Coal is conducted on the EIA although fruitful work,but still exists many problems.Mainly displays in(1)lack integrity.The same area coal development projects,each project evaluation more respectively,the lack of integrity.(2)targeted weaker.Contents resembles the management measures,and puts forward the basic similar,mainly scene investigation enough,compilation time is short,the cause of evaluation con- tent the pertinence and management measures are relatively weak.(3)Depth shortage.It highlights the surface of surface subsidence prediction and now the aquifer with water supply meaning in impact prediction.Some of the EIA report didn’t ex- plain the mining division and succeed,not considered a set of coal pillar protection,not consider a set of coal pillar protection, not consider cover thickness of superposition,not carefully study coalfield exploration report relevant content and not pred- icate the dynamic space-time distribution of subsidence.(4)Poor maneuverability.Proposed environmental pollution control and ecological restoration measures are many,but few concrete measures for the real effective.Especially the initial implemen- tation measures put almost all,few decades of the implementa- tion of the measures will only need it for the environmental pro- tection inspection work behind the inconvenience has caused. This point brought many inconveniences for the environmental protection inspection work[2].
B.Coal mine environmental acceptance status
Coal mine cnvironmcntal acceptance time is latcr than the coal mine EIA.In 2004,coal mine environmental acceptance formally formed.Thc author works in the dcpartmcnt of cnvironmental protection assessment centers,undertaking the technical review of national commitment to ccological construction projccts ap- proved by the Environmental Protection acceptance of the com- pletion report.The EIA centre had accepted and organized and completed project technical review 124 counties,including coal mine are 20,about 16%of the total in 2009.There are more problems in technical review and acceptance now.It is mainly manifested in(1)Pay less attention to the environmental protection acccptance.“Hcavy EIA,light acccptancc”phcnomcnon exists generally,this not only displayed in acceptance technolo- gy work,also manifest in acccptance managcmcnt.(2)Construc- tion project illegal phenomenon outstanding.Not batch engi- ncering construction and first without changes,the EIA docu- ments and approval requirement environmental measures im- plementation does not reach the designated position,environ- mental supervision not execution,long try not check-up illegal phenomenon common occurence.Environmental supervision execution for example,apply for acceptance of the project in eco- logical 141 of EIA,with 44 project in reply clear requirements engineering environment supervision,according to statistics, only ten project execution and executions carried out have in- sufficient 25%in 2008.(3)Acceptance survey overall level is not high.Some acceptance survey technical report very coarse,dif- ferent units or same unit compiling report different project direc- tor,quality difference is bigger.
Ⅲ Coal mine with environmental protection acceptance IA interacting mechanism research
A.Coal mine in EIA and environmental acceptance interaction problems
The current EIA coal projects and environmental interaction is not strong acceptance,lack of interaction mechanisms,Ac- ceptance in the investigation of environmental protection can be found,most of the project is completed and major changes in the EIA stage,which is certainly no lack of the normal changes,but there are a lot of time bccause the measures proposed in the EIA does not meet the actual situation,difficult to implement.
The following review of the author at work had appeared in mine environmental inspection reports illustrate the situation changes.
1)Suan ci ditch mine is in Inner Zhungeer,Erdos,Mongolia. Mine production capacity is1,200 tons/year.According to in- spection rcport,the EIA of the project document is approved, Mine area from 41.43 square kilometers expanded to 49.8086 square kilomctcrs.Onc sct of 4 tons/hour boilcr changod to 10 tons/hour boiler[3];Did not fulfil “put forward by the EIA for cnginccring construction influcnce within thc first pancl oncc placed in place all village relocation”and “by the mine water pu- rification proccssing rcquircmcnts of rccycle”after all.
2)GuoTun mine project is located in YunCheng County,heze City ShanDong province.Designed capacity of the mine is 240million tons annual output of raw coal.EIA of the project docu- ment is approved,the location of waste rock flow field has been adjusted.Industrial site covers an area increase of about 8.47 ha.Special railway line is not completed and Increases coal preparation plant|4|.
3)HuoBaoGan river mine newly-built project is located at hong- dong county,linfen,Shanxi Province.The mine the scale of annual output is 2.1 million tons.EIA of the project document is approved,when the Mine area ratio decreased 1.44 square kilo- meters EIA.The mine abolished the temporary open mine coal yard,to a capacity of 3,000 tons of coal storage warehouse |5 Increase the total capacity of the boiler 10 tons/hour.The origi- nal design of mine water supply self-provided power supply pipe is no construction.
Though analyzing of these cases,after the completion of known coal mines,the paper compared with the widespread changes in the EIA phase.The reason,both the normal adjust- ment caused design changes,but also the measures proposed in the EIA phase of unrealistic and can not be fully implemented. The first mining of about 20 years,you can gradually progress with the relocation of mining,requiring a relocation of place un- reasonable and difficult to implement.
Recent survey by the environmental acceptance can be found in the EIA phase of mine made unrealistic demands are:”No permanent waste dump” 、“Mine water completely compre- hensive utilization” 、“Gas all comprehensive utilization”. Measures seemed very ideal that put in very big misunderstand- ing in practice.The brief analysis with acceptance survey data are as follows:Analysis no permanent waste dump:Mining and coal cleaning process inevitably produce gangue.Gangue pro- duction,emissions and use not only exist between the difference of time and space,still need different production systems and even the coordination between different enterprisesTherefore gangue landing is inevitable;Analysis minc water completecly comprehensive utilization:Using the gangue industrialized pro- duction has ccrtain quantity,quality rcquircmcnts.But small and medium-sized coking coal mine and simple pick up the power of a coal mine shaft well gangue generally don’t have indc- pendent construction gangue power plant or coal resources building materials factory;Analysis Mine water completely com- prchensive utilization:Many large mining mine water discharge, and recycling means more than.The north of coal winter was unable to afforest irrigation.Completely comprchensive utiliza- tion is impractical.Furthermore,from the perspective of watercirculation system,the cxcess back to the nature of minc watcr purification,can be re-involved in groundwater,surface water, evaporation,precipitation cycle,is also on the ecological envi- ronment play a role in recovery;Analysis gas all comprehensive utilization:Gas utilization condition,first is needed to reach a certain concentration,secondly,customer requirements,other- wise can’t comprehensive utilization.
With no unimpeded information feedback channel,currently repeating these environmental EIA still survey found acceptance of unrealistic demands,so soon set a coal mine with environ- mental protection acceptance interaction mechanism of EIA is very necessary.
B.Coal mine is established between the EIA and environmental acceptance interacting mechanism several Suggestions
Establishing an interactive mechanism of mine environmen- tal assessment and environmental protection needs many de- partments complement each otherSuggestions establish mech- anisms for interaction are as follows:
(1)Create supportive EIAand environmental protection laws,in- teractive good acceptance policy environment
The environmental protection department as our country’s highest the competent administrative department of environ- mental protection to establish environmental acceptance,the in- teraction mechanism and the EIA attention and support is the primary security.The environmental protection department for- mulates relevantpolicies,guidelines and regulations,system, can quickly contributed to interactive mechanism.Provincial, municipal competent administrative departments of environ- mental protection such as drafted in accordance with their re- spective jurisdictions characteristics respectively the system can ensure interactive mechanism steady and rapid development and long-term effective operation.
(2)Strengthening science and technology intermediary ser- vice systcm,set up cnvironmcntal asscssmcnt and cnvironmcn- tal acceptance of interactive bridge
Environmental cnginccring cvaluation ccnter is the compc- tent administrative department of environmental protection of the tcchnical supporting dcpartmcnts,has many ycars of EIA review and environmental acceptance review experience and has a large number of outstanding related professionals.It is the in- teraction mechanism relatively appropriate technology interme- diary services unit It is the interaction mechanism concrete im- plementation unit and lcad unit The asscssment center can bea rich inventory of acceptance of the EIA report and environmentalinformation to sort out,to establish a database,compiled the data analysis software to detect problems.Each of the EIA report and environmental protection coal in the compilation of accep- tance report found in unit of work after problems,also can give feedback to the evaluation center.Furthermore,evaluation center organization related experts and relevant units discuss how to solve the problem.After that solve and improvement scheme,evaluation center by using various network information platform or technology journals conduct transfer to the EIA report and environmental acceptance coal reports units.This set up “analysis of information -identify problems -discussed -to develop optimal solutions -the standard requirements -to en- hance the level of”process.The requirements of the EIA more re- alistic,and as times change constantly be updated with the times,but also to acceptance of environmental protection more targeted,more effective supervision.
(3)Establish continuously improve the EIA and environmen- tal public acceptance interaction platform
Environmental protection professional website,professional newspapers published articles can be regularly with environ- mental protection,feedback the EIA acceptance recent problem, and for all relevant units to strengthen communication and rela- tionship to provide the platform.And through the propaganda education,and constantly improve the EIA report and environ- mental acceptance coal report of the responsible units.Urge its firmly establish the concept of “seeking truth from facts”
(4)Strengthen scientific research institutions with industry association and the interaction between and complement each other.
Coal related technology association have very rich more in- dustry information and material,advice and environmental pro- tection department,study togcther,share swap stories.The sci- entific research institutions,including the professional design institute of coal industry related departments or univcrsity,with solid scientific research strength.The environmental protection dcpartment or coal minc cnvironmental protcction and compiled EIA unit can entrust their acceptance of study and solve techni- cal problcms.Research results are appliod to rcports for improv- ing report technology level and solving the technical difficulties.
IV conclusion
This paper mainly introduced the domestic coal mine with en- vironmental protection acceptance of the EIA status quo,and pointed out that both of the interactivity was not strong,leading to the environmental protection measures implementation EIAproposcd with low levels.This papcr proposcs a coal mine with environmental protection acceptance interaction mechanism EIA the Suggestions in order to promote environmental protec- tion management of coal project.Since the work of environmen- tal protection in China coal mine project long way to go,there are still many issues that need further study.
References
[1 Hu zhenqi,Li jing.Zhao yanling.Problems,Reasons and Countermeasures for Environment Quality and Food Safety in the overlapped Areas of Crop and Mineral Protection|J].Technol- ogy Review,2006,(3):21~24
|2]Cheng jingquan.Coal development projects the ecological impact assessment review and reflection[C].Coal Development and Construction Project Environmental Protection Workshop Proceedings,2006
|3|China Environmental Science Research Institute:Suan ci ditch mine of the environmental protection report inner Mongo- lia autonomous region [M].2009
[4]The environmental protection department environmental sci- ence engineering evaluation center:GuoTun mine mining area of the environmental protection survey report in juye Shandong province
[5]Environmental Protection Department of the Nanjing Insti- tute of Environmental Sciences:Huo baogan river mine mining area of the environmental protection survey report in Shan xi province[M].2009
[6]Environmental impact and control Resources Environmental risks|C].Coal Development and Construction Project Environ- mental Protection Workshop Proceedings,2006
English 
Chinese